Augmented reality (AR) is rapidly emerging as a crucial real-time interface for data visualisation and decision-making in additive manufacturing (AM). This systematic review screened 71 Web of Science records, analysing 15 empirical studies (2021–2025) on AR-enhanced 3D-printing workflows. Reported prototypes, most frequently based on Microsoft HoloLens and MQTT-enabled data streams, demonstrate significant operational improvements such as shorter design cycles, reduced printer downtime and decreased energy consumption per part. Additionally, early fault detection via YOLOv7 overlays and holographic analytics improved print quality and training retention, though studies predominantly used small laboratory samples. Persistent challenges include limited fields of view, latency up to 8 seconds, and proprietary firmware hindering bi-directional data exchange. Interpreting these findings using an extended Technology Acceptance Model indicates that open printer architectures and AI-driven context-sensitive guidance systems are essential for advancing AR-AM from isolated demonstrations to scalable industrial practice.
Science Journal 